Haefner Lab

Welcome

Our primary scientific interest lies in understanding how the brain forms percepts and uses them to make decisions, especially in the visual domain. In particular, we are interested in how the brain's perceptual beliefs about the outside world are represented by the responses of populations of cortical neurons and how their spiking activity gives rise to percepts and decisions. To that end we construct mathematical models that aim to explain neural responses and behavior.

Key concepts in the context of our work are perceptual decision-making, probabilistic inference, neural sampling, noise correlations, choice probabilities, population responses, optimal linear read-out, feedforward, recurrent and top-down processing, covert attention, psychophysical kernel, confirmation bias.

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Research

Probabilistic (causal) inference and neural sampling (ongoing)

In order to draw conclusions, or inferences, about the outside world, the brain has to combine sensory information with its learnt knowledge about the structure of the external world. How this is implemented in the brain is still unknown. By generating predictions for classic perceptual tasks, we test the hypothesis that the brain performs probabilistic inference by sampling, i.e. that neuronal activity can be interpreted as samples from a generative model of the world that the brain has previously learnt.

Lange & Haefner PLoS Comput Biol.
Haefner et al. 2016 (Neuron)
Lange & Haefner 2017 (Curr Opin Neurobiol)
Lange & Haefner 2022 (PLoS Comput Biol.)
Lange et al. 2021 (PLoS Comput Biol.)
Lange et al. 2023 (Nature Neuroscience, accepted)
Shivkumar et al. 2022 (biorxiv)

Test of model predictions using data from macaque V1.

Bondy, Haefner & Cumming 2018 (Nature Neuroscience) (pdf)
Lange et al. 2023 (JNeurophysiology)




Population (de)coding and perceptual decision-making

How many sensory neurons contribute to a particular decision, how are they being read out (e.g. optimal or not) and which neurons are they? We have made significant progress recently towards answering these questions by deriving the analytical relationship between noise correlations, choice probabilities and read-out weights. This will allow us to answer two of these questions as soon as multi-electrode recordings from behaving animals become available, i.e. very soon.

Nature Neuroscience 16, 235–242 (2013) PDF+Code+Bibtex

Applying this framework to neural recordings from MT during a dual motion direction and binocular discrimination task while area V2 was being cooled, we could constrain the origin of the noise correlations in MT.

Neuron 81(1), 208-219 (2015)

Application to MT data allowed us to investigate the neural basis of the psychophysical suppression effect.

Liu et al. 2016 (eLife)
Chicharro D, Panzeri S, Haefner RM 2021 (elife)

Binocular vision

Depth perception from binocular images is an exemplary model system for studying how the brain extracts information not explicitly present in its (2D) inputs. We have been particularly interested in understanding what feedforward computations might underlie the observed neurophysiology and how much information different binocular neuron types contain about depth.

Neuron 57, vol 1, 147-158 (2008) PDF
NeurIPS 2008 PDF NeurIPS 2010 PDF
J Neuroscience, 31(22): 8295-8305 (2011) PDF 


Natural image statistics

Understanding the statistics of the natural world is important for understanding the properties of early sensory processing. Traditionally, this argument has been made in the context of efficient coding (Barlow) but what learning principle (objective function) is responsible for the properties of early sensory neurons, e.g. their receptive fields in the case of visual neurons, is still an open question and active field of research. Ultimately, this question is related to what generative model the brain has learnt for its sensory inputs.

PLoS Comput Biol 10(3): e1003468





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People

Photos from Retreat 2023

Haefner Lab at VSS 2022

VSS 2022

Lab Members

Ralf Haefner
Ralf Haefner, PI

Biography

Samuel Alvernaz
Samuel Alvernaz, Graduate Student

Gabor Lengyel
Gabor Lengyel, Postdoctoral Fellow

Shizhao Liu
Shizhao Liu, Graduate Student
co-advised by Adam Snyder

Anton Pletenev
Anton Pletenev, Graduate Student

Haefner Lab 2019

2019

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Alumni

Collaborators

Experimental labs

Theoretical labs

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Publications

Lab Conference Presentations

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Resources

Bernstein Meeting 2017: Satellite workshop on Neural sampling

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Contact

Department for Brain & Cognitive Sciences
358 Meliora Hall, Box 270268
University of Rochester
Rochester, NY 14627-0268

email:

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News

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